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Title : Synthesis of SO4/ZrO2 Solid Acid and Na2O/ZrO2 Solid Base Catalyst by Hydrothermal Method and Their Application for Biodiesel Production from Low Grade Crude Palm Oil
Author :

SRI SETYANINGSIH (1) Maisari Utami (2) Akhmad Syoufian, Ph.D. (3) Nasih Widya Yuwono, S.P., M.P. (4) Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Karna Wijaya, M.Eng. (5)

Date : 19 2021
Keyword : SO42-/ZrO2 ,Na2O/ZrO2 ,esterification,transesterification,biodiesel SO42-/ZrO2 ,Na2O/ZrO2 ,esterification,transesterification,biodiesel
Abstract : Biodiesel is a potential renewable energy source that can be produced through esterification as well as transesterification reactions using an acid-base catalyst. The solid acid SO42-/ZrO2 and solid base Na2O/ZrO2 catalysts had been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. This work presents a series of zirconia catalyst modified on various concentration in acidic (H2SO4 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 M) and basic (NaOH 1, 2, 3, and 4 M) solution to get a catalyst with the highest acidity or basicity. The number of acidity was carried out by the gravimetric method using NH3 as the basic probe molecules, while the total basicity was determined by acid-base titration. Characterization of the catalysts were performed by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and surface area analysis. The activity of the most active acid catalyst was evaluated for the esterification of Low Grade Crude Palm Oil (LGCPO), while the solid base catalyst was for the transesterification reaction. The effect of various parameters in esterification reaction such as catalyst loading, the molar ratio of LGCPO to methanol, and reaction time was applied on optimized conditions. The solid acid catalyst of 0,7 M SO42-/ZrO2 60 ᵒC; 24 was denoted as the most active acid catalyst with total acidity of 1.86 mmol g-1, while 4 M Na2O/ZrO2 60 ᵒC; 24 hr catalyst was considered the solid base catalyst with the highest total basicity of 3.75 ± 0.12 mmol g-1. The optimized acid catalyst exhibited a 31 times higher acidity than commercial ZrO2. The acidity and basicity of the catalyst increase with increasing concentration of H2SO4 or NaOH. The total acidity and the basicity of catalysts decreased with increasing calcination temperature. Dischargement of functional groups on the catalyst causes the decline of its acidity and basicity. The structure of both catalysts were detected in monoclinic zirconia phase. The concentration of FFA decreased to 68.87% in esterification reaction. The solid base catalyst of 4 M Na2O/ZrO2 60 ᵒC; 24 hr successfully converted LGCPO into biodiesel by 68.55% through a transesterification reaction.. 1H-NMR revealed the presence of triglycerides (δ = 4.3 ppm) and methoxy groups (δ=3.66 ppm). The conversion of methyl ester reached 68.55%. Methyl oleate is the major product, accompanied by other methyl esther compound including methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and a small amount of methyl myristate.
Group of Knowledge : Kimia
Original Language : English
Level : Internasional
Status :
Published
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